cpp - C language preprocessor

cpp is the preprocessor for all C language dialects. It is a standalone version of the libpp(3) preprocessor library. The C dialect implemented by cpp is determined by probing cc(1) using probe(1). The path of the emulated compiler can be changed by the -D-X command line option.

If output is omitted then the standard output is written; if input is also omitted then the standard input is read. NOTE: this is an ancient, non-standard, non-intuitiive file operand syntax that is required by cc(1); use shell file name expansion at your peril.

cpp specific options are set by the -D- and -I- options.

-C, --comments

Pass comments to the output. By default comments are omitted.

-D, --define=name[=value]

Define the macro name to have value; 1 is assumed if = value is omitted. If name begins with : then it is interpreted as a libpp(3) #pragma pp: statement; if name begins with % then it is interpreted as a libpp(3) # directive statement; if name begins with - or + then it is interpreted as a libpp(3) option; - turns the option on, + turns it off. Most options have a #pragma counterpart that is listed with the option definition. Right, this is ugly, but its the only portable way to pass options through cc(1) to cpp:

-D-C, pp:compatibility

Preprocess for K&R compatibility.

-D-Dlevel, pp:debug level

Set the debug trace level. Higher levels produce more output. Levels higher than 3 enabled only in -g compiled versions.

-D-Fname

Set the main input file name to name. This only affects error message and line sync output.

-D-H, pp:hosted

All directories are hosted; compatibility warning messages from hosted directory headers are suppressed.

-D-I, pp:cdir

All directories contain C headers; used only with -D-+.

-D-K, pp:keyargs

Enable the non-standard name=value macro argument mode.

-D-L[id], pp:lineid [id]

Set the line sync directive id to id or null if omitted.

-D-M, pp:nomultiple

Disable multiple include detection.

-D-P, pp:passthrough

Enable the non-standard passthrough mode; may be useful for processing non-C input.

-D-Q, pp:dump

Dump macro definitions to the output so that the output may be passed through cpp again. Used for generating precompiled headers.

-D-R, pp:transition

Enable the transition preprocessing mode. Used for compilers that can't make up their semantics between K&R and ISO.

-D-S, pp:strict

Enable strict preprocessing semantics and warnings. Works with any mode (compatibiliy, transition, or the default ISO).

-D-Ttest, pp:test test

Enable implementation specific test code according to test.

-D-W, pp:warn

Enable warnings in non-hosted files.

-D-X[cc]

Preprocess for the compiler cc which must be an executable path or an executable on $PATH.

-D-Y, pp:pedantic

Enable pedantic pp::warn warnings in non-hosted files.

-D-Z, pp:pool

Enable pool mode. See libpp(3).

-D-d

List canonicalized #define statements for non-predefined macros in the output.

-D-m

List canonicalized #define statements for all macros. All other output is disabled.

-D-+, pp:plusplus

Preprocess for the C++ dialect.

-I, --include[=directory]

Append directory to the list of directories searched for #include files. If directory is - then: (1) -I directories before -I- are searched only for "..." include files; (2) -I directories after -I- are searched for "..." and <...> include files; (3) the directory . is searched only if it is explicitly specified by a -I option.

-I-Cdirectory, pp:cdir directory

Mark directory as a C header directory. Used with pp:plusplus.

-I-D[file]

Read the default probe(1) definitions from file, or ignore the default definitions if file is omitted.

-I-Hdirectory, pp:hostdir directory

Mark directory as a hosted directory. Headers from hosted directories have compatibility warnings disabled.

-I-Iheader, pp:ignore header

Add header to the list of ignored headers.

-I-Mfile

file contains a sequence of header [= "map" ] lines, where header is either <name> or "name", and "map" is an explicit binding for header. header is ignored if = "map" is omitted.

-I-Rfile

Include file but do not emit text or line syncs.

-I-Sdirectory

Add directory to the default standard include directory list.

-I-Tfile

Include file and emit text to the output file.

The option value may be omitted.

-M, --dependencies

Generate make(1) dependencies. Not needed with nmake(1). -M may be followed by optional flags to change dependency output styles:

D

Generate dependencies in a separate .d file. Preprocessed output is still written to output , or the standard output if output is omitted.

G

Generate missing dependencies too.

M

Only generate local header dependencies; hosted headers are omitted. Note that hosted headers are determined by -I-H and the pp:hosted and pp:hostdir pragmas; no special distiction is made between "" and <> include styles.

-P, --sync

Emit line syncs. On by default; -P means --nosync.

-U, --undefine=name

Remove the definition for the macro name.

-A, --assert=assertion

Enter the assertion via #assert for system V compatibility.

-E, --preprocess

Ignored for compatibility with ancient compilers.

-H, --include-reference[=size]

Emit #include file paths on the standard error, one per line, indented to show nesting. If the optional size argument is specified then the entire -H option is ignored. The option value may be omitted.

-T[length]

If not gcc(1) then truncate identifiers to length characters for compatibility with old AT&T (I guess only Lucent needs them now) compilers. The option value may be omitted.

-V, --version

Emit the libpp(3) version.

-X, --argmode

Enable name=value macro arguments for easel(1) compatibility.

-Y, --standard=directory

Add directory to the list searched for #include <...> files.

cc(1), gcc(1), libpp(3)

version

cpp (AT&T Research) 2009-02-02

author

Glenn Fowler <gsf@research.att.com>

copyright

Copyright © 1986-2012 AT&T Intellectual Property

license

http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/epl-v10.html