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A001047 3^n - 2^n.
(Formerly M3887 N1596)
+0
88
0, 1, 5, 19, 65, 211, 665, 2059, 6305, 19171, 58025, 175099, 527345, 1586131, 4766585, 14316139, 42981185, 129009091, 387158345, 1161737179, 3485735825, 10458256051, 31376865305, 94134790219, 282412759265, 847255055011 (list; graph; listen)
OFFSET

0,3

COMMENT

a(n) = sum of the elements in the n-th row of triangle pertaining to A036561. - Amarnath Murthy (amarnath_murthy(AT)yahoo.com), Jan 02 2002

Number of 2 X n binary arrays with a path of adjacent 1's and no path of adjacent 0's from top row to bottom row. - Ron Hardin (rhhardin(AT)att.net), Mar 21 2002

With offset 1, partial sums of A027649. - Paul Barry (pbarry(AT)wit.ie), Jun 24 2003

Number of distinct lines through the origin in the n-dimensional lattice of side length 2. A049691 has the values for the 2-dimensional lattice of side length n. - Joshua Zucker (joshua.zucker(AT)stanfordalumni.org), Nov 19 2003

a(n) = A083323(n)-1 = A056182(n)/2 = (A002783(n)-1)/2 = (A003063(n+2)-A003063(n+1))/2. - Ralf Stephan (ralf(AT)ark.in-berlin.de), Jan 12 2004

a(n+1)/(n+1)=(3*3^n-2*2^n)/(n+1) is the second binomial transform of the harmonic sequence 1/(n+1). - Paul Barry (pbarry(AT)wit.ie), Apr 19 2005

a(n) = A112626(n, 1). - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Jan 11 2006

a(n+1) = sums of n-th row of the triangle in A036561. - Reinhard Zumkeller (reinhard.zumkeller(AT)gmail.com), May 14 2006

The sequence gives the sum of the lengths of the segments in Cantor's dust generating sequence up to the i-th step. Measurement unit = length of the segment of i-th step. - Giorgio Balzarotti (Greenblue(AT)tiscali.it), Nov 18 2006

Let T be a binary relation on the power set P(A) of a set A having n = |A| elements such that for every element x, y of P(A), xTy if x is a proper subset of y. Then a(n) = |T|. - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Dec 22 2006

Comments from Alexander Adamchuk (alex(AT)kolmogorov.com), Jan 04 2007: (Start)

a(n) is prime for n = {2,3,5,17,29,31,53,59,101,277,647,1061,2381,...} = A057468(n) Numbers n such that 3^n - 2^n is prime.

p divides a(p) - 1 for prime p.

Quotients (3^p - 2^p - 1)/p, where p = Prime[n], are listed in A127071(n) = {2,6,42,294,15918,122010,7588770,61144062,...}.

Numbers n such that n divides 3^n - 2^n - 1 are listed in A127072(n) = {1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11,13,16,17,19,23,27,29,31,32,37,41,43,45,47,49,53,59,61,64,67,71,73,79,81,83,89,97,...}.

Pseudoprimes in A127072(n) include all powers of primes {2,3,7} and some composite numbers that are listed in A127073(n) = {45,245,405,561,637,639,833,891,...}, which includes all Carmichael numbers A002997(n) = {561,1105,1729,2465,2821,6601,8911,10585,15841,29341,...}.

Numbers n such that n^2 divides 3^n - 2^n - 1 are listed in A127074(n) = {1,2,3,4,7,49,179,619,17807,...}.

5 divides a(2n).

5^2 divides a(2*5n).

5^3 divides a(2*5^2n).

5^4 divides a(2*5^3n).

7 divides a(6n).

7^2 divides a(6*7n).

11 divides a(10n).

13 divides a(4n).

13^2 divides a(4*13n).

17 divides a(16n).

19 divides a(3n).

19^2 divides a(3*19n).

23^2 divides a(11n).

23^3 divides a(11*23n).

23^4 divides a(11*23^2n).

29 divides a(7n).

31 divides a(30n).

p divides a((p-1)n) for prime p>3.

p divides a((p-1)/2)) for prime p = {5,19,23,29,43,47,53,...} = A097936(n) Primes p such that p divides 3^((p-1)/2) - 2^((p-1)/2). Also primes p such that 6 is a square mod p, except {2,3}, A038876(n).

p^(k+1) divides a(p^k*(p-1)/2*n) for prime p = {5,19,23,29,43,47,53,...} = A097936(n).

p^(k+1) divides a(p^k*(p-1)*n) for prime p>3.

Note the exception that for p = 23, p^(k+2) divides a(p^k*(p-1)/2*n).

There are no more such exceptions for primes p up to 600000. (End)

Final digits of terms follow sequence 1,5,9,5. - Enoch Haga (Enokh(AT)comcast.net), Nov 26 2007

REFERENCES

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).

Archimedeans Problems Drive, Eureka, 24 (1961), 20.

G. Kreweras, Inversion des polynomes de Bell bidimensionnels et application au denombrement des relations binaires connexes. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. A-B 268 1969 A577-A579.

Ross La Haye, Binary Relations on the Power Set of an n-Element Set, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 12 (2009), Article 09.2.6. [From Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Feb 22 2009]

LINKS

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..200

Index entries for sequences related to linear recurrences with constant coefficients

INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 397

J. Perry, Relation to Collatz problem

S. Plouffe, Approximations de S\'{e}ries G\'{e}n\'{e}ratrices et Quelques Conjectures, Dissertation, Universit\'{e} du Qu\'{e}bec \`{a} Montr\'{e}al, 1992.

S. Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions and Conjectures, Universit\'{e} du Qu\'{e}bec \`{a} Montr\'{e}al, 1992.

FORMULA

G.f.: x/(1-2x)(1-3x). a(n) = 5 a(n-1) - 6 a(n-2).

a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 2^(n-1). - Jon Perry, Aug 23, 2002

Starting 0, 0, 1, 5, 19, .. this is 3^n/3-2^n/2+0^n/6, the binomial transform of A086218. - Paul Barry (pbarry(AT)wit.ie), Aug 18 2003

Binomial transform of A000225. - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Feb 07 2005

a(n) = Sum[C(n, k)2^k, {k, 0, n-1}] - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Aug 20 2005

a(n) = 2^(2n) - A083324(n). - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Sep 10 2005

E.g.f.: e^(3*x)-e^(2*x). [From Mohammad K. Azarian (azarian(AT)evansville.edu), Jan 14 2009]

MAPLE

a(n)=seq(sum(2^i*3^(n-i), i=0..n), n=0..40); - Giorgio Balzarotti (Greenblue(AT)tiscali.it), Nov 18 2006

with(combinat):a:=n->stirling2(n, 3)-stirling2(n-1, 3): seq(a(n), n=2..27); - Zerinvary Lajos (zerinvarylajos(AT)yahoo.com), Oct 05 2007

A001047:=1/(3*z-1)/(2*z-1); [S. Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation, dropping the initial zero.]

a[0]:=0:a[1]:=1:for n from 2 to 50 do a[n]:=5*a[n-1]-6*a[n-2]od: seq(a[n], n=0..33); # [From Zerinvary Lajos (zerinvarylajos(AT)yahoo.com), Dec 14 2008]

seq(add(2^(n-k)*binomial(n, k), k=1..n), n=0..25); # [From Zerinvary Lajos (zerinvarylajos(AT)yahoo.com), Apr 18 2009]

MATHEMATICA

Table[ 3^n - 2^n, {n, 0, 25} ]

PROGRAM

(Python) [3^n - 2^n for n in range(25)] - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Aug 19 2005

(Other) sage: [lucas_number1(n, 5, 6) for n in xrange(0, 26)]# [From Zerinvary Lajos (zerinvarylajos(AT)yahoo.com), Apr 22 2009]

CROSSREFS

Cf. A000225, A016189, A036561.

a(n) = row sums of A091913, row 2 of A047969, column 1 of A090888 and column 1 of A038719.

Cf. A097936, A038876, A127071, A127072, A127073, A127074, A002997, A057468.

Sequence in context: A049612 A001870 A025568 this_sequence A099448 A124806 A059509

Adjacent sequences: A001044 A001045 A001046 this_sequence A001048 A001049 A001050

KEYWORD

nonn,easy,nice

AUTHOR

N. J. A. Sloane (njas(AT)research.att.com), R. K. Guy

EXTENSIONS

More terms from James A. Sellers (sellersj(AT)math.psu.edu), Sep 19 2000

Removed attribute "conjectured" from Plouffe g.f R. J. Mathar (mathar(AT)strw.leidenuniv.nl), Mar 11 2009

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Last modified November 25 20:09 EST 2009. Contains 167514 sequences.


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